The Effects Of Biological Systems And The Impact On Human...

I strive to enhance the quality of human life through sound investigation and precise medical judgement. My earliest influence in the medical field stemmed from frequent visits to Children’s Hospital of Cincinnati diagnosed with chronic asthma. Fortunately, my unsolicited visits to the hospital opened a faucet of interest in medicine. I am fascinated by the human body and how the body responds in a variety of induced unfavorable conditions. With much consideration and educational preparation I have concluded that as a career I will study pathology with considerable concentration on the effect of biological systems and the impact human disease has on society. My plan is to study Pathobiology as a doctoral student which will properly expose me to professional experience as it relates to the progression of human disease. By practicing pathology I hope to prolong life by simply identifying the mechanism of human disease, validating prevention and identifying the most effective tr eatment of disease. Pathobiology incorporates the sub disciplines of Cellular Biology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Genetics to understand the mechanism of disease and how it is transmitted from one patient to the next. Inevitably, research ensures practical lab experience, insightful knowledge and proper exposure to current topics of study that can possibly pave the way for proper prevention and treatment of disease worldwide. Therefore, by conducting research I hope to learn and acquireShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Impact of Science on Society1263 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of the Impact of Science on Society Science is an amazing wide discipline that encompasses physical, chemical and biological areas. Since time in immemorial, science has been at work. This is because science is the aspect of using technical knowhow to provide solution to problems facing mankind at different times on a day to day basis. In earlier days, man did things without knowing that what he was doing is actually science. However, the scientific processes and activities that happenRead MoreThroughout The Study Of Diseases Researchers Have Developed1584 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the study of diseases researchers have developed a number of strategies in order to implement programs and methods in order to decrease the causation of diseases. One must assess in order to decrease or control the occurrence of a disease you must know your incidence rate in order to estimate risk such as the probability of disease in an individual or group. One must also analyze incidence which is defined as a count of new cases of disease. Poliomyelitis also referred as Polio for shortRead MoreEnvironmental Hazards And Environmental Health Hazards1096 Words   |  5 PagesHumans are constantly interacting with the environment. As a result, maintaining a healthy environment is key to increasing quality of life and years of healthy life. Globally, nearly one-quarter of the global disease burden, and more than one-third of the burden among children, is due to modifiable environmental factors. (Prà ¼ss-ÃÅ"stà ¼n, 2006). Environmental health hazards generally fall into one of three categories: physical, chemical, or biological. The impact an environmental hazard may have onRead MoreHow Biosecurity Affects Human Health1134 Words   |  5 PagesDifferent systems of health 1. Human 2. Animal 3. Plant b. Discuss how biosecurity affects human health i. Define human health system II. Body a. Historical issues i. Diseases in the past that affect human health 1. Plague 2. Anthrax 3. Smallpox 4. Botulism b. Current issues i. Diseases/Pests that still affect human health 1. Direct impacts a. Ebola b. Zika c. Chikungunya 2. Indirect impacts a. Avian Influenza b. Influenza A c. Possible emerging threats III. Conclusion a. Summarize i. Past human healthRead MoreThe Risks Of Long Distance Human Spaceflight1426 Words   |  6 PagesUpon the consideration of long-distance human spaceflight, the risk management plan in correspondence must prepare the crew members before and during the mission, for risks which may or may not occur, in the isolated confines of space. Specifically, the risks of meteoroid impacts, malnutrition, and contamination were observed and their effects on the psychological and physical health of the crew members was detailed. Only meteoroid impacts are singularly and in transit risk, while both malnutritionRead MoreMicrobiological Impacts And Impact Of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals919 Words   |  4 Pages(Trachsel, 2008) Hence, these chemicals are defined as xenobiotics, which refers to foreign bodies or agents to an organism system. (Trachsel, 2008) These EDCs found in aquatic environment have a variety of harm effects on animals, humans and or the ecosystem in general, that can differ the hemostasis due to the elimination of natural occurring hormones in animals or human bodies when they interfere with the synthesis and transportation of hormones that are responsible for growth, development andRead MoreBiological Psychology : The Brain And Nervous System Essay888 Words   |  4 Pages1. Biological psychology, of biopsychology, is the application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes in terms of bodily mechanisms. The view that psychological processes have biological (or physiological) correlates, is the basic assumption of the whole field of biological psychology. Biological psychology is a hopeful domain, one that has much to offer in terms of improving the quality of life of the healthy as well as those suffering from disorders. It also contributed importantRead More Biological Weapons and Biological Warfare Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesBiological Weapons and Biological Warfare Thesis: Biological Warfare is morally and inhumanely wrong, It is the wrongful killing of men, women, and children. It should be stopped no matter what the circumstances are. I. Introduction into the bad effects of biological warfare through some examples. a. Example of single affect of biological warfare b. Example of a country using Biological Warfare II. Definition of Biological Warfare a. Biological Warfare Agents i. Micro-OrganismsRead MoreThe Importance Of Future Research On The Future1104 Words   |  5 PagesFuture Research My newly developed techniques and latest findings direct me for further innovative studies in the emerging field of environmental sciences towards conservation, detect environmental controlling parameters, biological function of living organisms and their interaction with the environment, and develop new technologies to protect the environment and public health. My challenge is to get a more complete picture of these issues in the near future, which could help to resolve theRead MoreInvasive Species Threatens The Ecosystem963 Words   |  4 PagesInvasive Species Threatens the Ecosystem Every life form all over the world depends on the ecosystem for its survival. However, the ecosystem can be threatened when there is an excess or drop in resources. Many people will argue that human beings are the primary cause of this economic imbalance but are people the root of this problem? No. There is evidence that invasive species all over the country has also threatened our ecosystem. Invasive species are any living organism such a plants

Early Childhood Research - 535 Words

Research is an asset for practitioners who believe in evidence based practice (Aubrey et al, 2006). This essay will define research and explain its value to early childhood educators and the early childhood education field. â€Å"Research is a systematic investigation to find answers to a problem† (Burns, 2000, p.3). Research begins with defining the project, preparing a research proposal, choosing the appropriate methodology and method, searching and reviewing the literature, choosing the participants, using proper methods of recording the data, analyzing the data, and writing reports regarding the findings (Dawson,2009). A researcher must also follow research ethics, which forms the base of an unbiased, meaningful and significant research (MacNaughton, Rolfe Blatchford, 2001). Researchers categorize research on the basis of the purpose of conducting the research. Research can be exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, generalisable, predictive, pure, applied, and so on. However, educational research comes under the category of social research as it concentrates on the improvement of teaching system and practices for the betterment of the society (Mutch, 2005). There are various methodologies in education research like survey, case study, ethnography, experiment, action research, programme evaluation and many more (Mutch,2005). Action research is one of the most popular research methodology practiced by early childhood educators and follows qualitative approach of researchShow MoreRelatedThe Research Study Of Early Childhood Education873 Words   |  4 Pagesrelated to the researcher’s study of Early Childhood Education. The chosen topic considered the achievement gap among students with learning disabilities in the context of the Common Core State Standards. As guided by the research questions, the researcher will present key literature, which supports the findings of the thesis. Accordingly, the researcher will identify the best concepts that contribute to the understanding of the issue involving early childhood education. In closing, the researcherRead MoreTransition: Research and Early Childhood Transitions1325 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Transitions are now recognised as central to young children’s experiences and well-being, as well as a powerful integrative framework for research. This review surveys major conceptual tools that shed light on different aspects of early childhood transitions. The objectives are twofold: 1) to review major research perspectives on early childhood transitions and 2) to identify significant trends (and gaps) in the knowledge base of scholarly as well as professional studies. The findings ofRead MoreAmerica s Best And Brightest : New Market Research On Attracting And Retaining Early Childhood Professionals1413 Words   |  6 Pages When I went to NAEYC conference, Nov 18-Nov 21, Orlando, Florida, I attended 4 session. One of them was â€Å"America’s Best and Brightest: New Market Research on Attracting and Retaining Early Childhood Professionals.† Because I lack English listening skills, I couldn’t understand whole contents. However, I came to know about ‘understanding the attitudes and beliefs of current educators about the profession’ and ‘identifying factors that will be most helpful in encouraging educators to make the fieldRead MoreA Research Study On Early Childhood Education1353 Words   |  6 PagesIn early chil dhood education, young children are starting to learn and understand the concept of gender. Preschool is the age when they start to develop and shape their views regarding gender roles. The population of children who are enrolled in early learning programs are being influenced by their parents, teachers, and classmates, as well as the learning environment they learn, play, and grow in. I analyzed two different research studies, one quantitative and one qualitative, to compare and contrastRead MoreCurrent Research Of Autism And Early Childhood Vaccinations Essay1820 Words   |  8 Pages Current Research of Autism and Early Child Vaccinations A Review of the Literature SLP 6070 Research Methods November 2016 Jillian Goodman Abstract There has been much debate regarding the possibility of a link between childhood vaccinations and the subsequent development of autism (Taylor, Swerdfeger Eslick 2014). Autism is a cognitive condition that is present from early childhood. Childhood vaccinations are given in early childhood to prevent children from developingRead MoreStatus of Qualitative Research in Early Childhood Education and Development (Eced)1733 Words   |  7 Pagesresources into their early intervention programs, hence, during the last decade international aid agencies, and some education systems, have promoted the creation and expansion of ECED programs in developing nations too. With the innovations in ECED, there has been conducted a large number of researches to form an objective theoretical foundation (Penn, 2004) to support this advancement. Following passage presents the literature review on the status of qualitative research in the field of ECEDRead MoreThe Truths About Preschool And Kindergarten1704 Words   |  7 PagesBenefiting Our Kids Introduction In my research essay I will be researching and talking about the early childhood education in America. In addition to that I will talk about the benefits it is having on our children from what I have learned from my sources, and how teachers of early education are being equipped to handle these classrooms. I will mainly be focusing on pre-K through kindergarten. I have had manyRead MoreThe Early Childhood Development Of Australia1269 Words   |  6 Pagesrecent years the early childhood sector in Australia has undergone a number of legislative and organizational changes, which have impacted on the overall structure of service provision in Australia. Initiatives introduced by the federal government have changed the face of childcare from simple ‘child minding’ services, to full early childhood educational facilities, offering comprehensive age specific ‘high quality’ educational curriculum, which cover all ages and stages of early childhood developmentRead MoreThe State Of Georgia Have Quality Early Childhood Education1447 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ Purpose The purpose of this policy is to ensure that all children in the state of Georgia have quality Early Childhood Programs that are accessible, affordable, comprehensive, and sustainable. Crafting strategic and thoughtful policy in the forefront will ensure the academic achievement, social development and future success of the state’s youth. †¢ Scope This policy will aim to address the social, academic and general health needs of all children from birth to the age of 8 years in the state ofRead MoreReflection On Early Childhood Education1198 Words   |  5 Pagesreflect on the past eight weeks, my insights on Early Childhood Education have given me a better understanding of issues and trends in Early Childhood Education. As I mastered this course, I have also become more knowledgeable and understanding of the needs of children and families in my community. Another way that I have been strengthened was through discussions and sharing blogs with my colleagues. On the other hand, researching professional early childhood education topics and viewing multimedia presentations

Cross-Dressing in Merchant of Venice Essay - 1305 Words

In William Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice, gender roles are explored, culminating in two distinct scenes of cross-dressing. The men of Elizabethan society enjoy a prominent status based solely on gender, to which women are clearly outsiders. This is particularly evident in Jessica’s newfound freedom when dressed as a pageboy in Act 2 and Portia’s and Nerissa’s immediate elevation in social standing when they take on male personas in Act 4. Through these two instances of cross-dressing, Shakespeare presents class not in terms of socioeconomic status but in the benefits of being male. Although the three women all partake in cross-dressing as a means of undermining patriarchal constraint, the consequences vary as there are several†¦show more content†¦The very fact that Jessica is forced to pose as a male in order to gain freedom –thus shirking the cultural norm –highlights the subjugation of women in Shakespeare’s time. F urther enforcing Jessica’s lower social standing is her acceptance to be Lorenzo’s torch-bearer. Shakespeare provides a negative connotation because â€Å"torch-bearer† insinuates the image of a servant or otherwise owned individual, which the audience equates with what Jessica will become after her marriage ceremony. Other less pronounced limitations arise in regards to Jessica’s transvesting. The practice of cross-dressing becomes exceedingly important to practical applications later in the play because the women, specifically Portia, must interact with mainstream society. The resulting consequence of taking on a male faà §ade ultimately provides empowerment for the otherwise subjugated women. Jessica’s cross-dressing, though it was insightful and served its purpose well, remains ineffective and powerless to change Lorenzo or impact society in any way. In Portia’s case, however, the potential for change exists because her character a ctively undercuts male conceptions of female frailty and inability, unlike Jessica’s enforcement of that very claim. Shakespeare initially introduces Portia in a way that her wealth and socioeconomic status are immediately evident. Not only is Portia rich and stunningly beautiful, but she rounds out the image of aShow MoreRelated Merchant of Venice: The Effects of Cross-Dressing Essay1866 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeare challenges the assumption that men hold more power than women do. He subtly hints that the power men posses is superficial when Jessica dresses like a boy, and later when Nerissa and Portia disguise themselves as men in The Merchant of Venice. Masculinity is merely a costume that can be donned or doffed at will; therefore its associated power can be removed and redistributed as well. Shakespeare emphasizes gender barriers, yet also challenges them to show their inconsistencies. InRead More Cross-dressing in Twelfth Night, As You Like It, and The Merchant of Venice3276 Words   |  14 PagesCross-dressing in Twelfth Night, As You Like It, and The Merchant of Venice Any theatrical performance requires a two-fold exchange. The performers must act in such a way as to engage the audience and draw them into the story of the stage. However, the audience itself must yield to the imagination, allowing at times the irrational to take precedent over rational expectations. This exchange between performers and audience creates the dramatic experience; one cannot exist without the otherRead MoreBlurred Gender Lines And Elizabethan Fear Of Femininity1819 Words   |  8 Pagesdetermined in society, yet the cross-dressing plots in Shakespeare’s As You Like It (1599) and The Merchant of Venice (1597) illustrate how even within this time period, the identity of gender were constantly being questioned. Rosalind and Portia demonstrate the concept of cross-dressing as both disguise themselves as men in their stories and in doing so, pose questions about the validity of femininity. In The Merchant of Venice and As You Like It, cross-dressing is central to both the complicationRead MoreShakespeare s Romeo And Juliet And The Merchant Of Venice Essay2340 Words   |  10 PagesThe Two Representations of Sexuality in Romeo and Juliet and The Merchant of Venice Sexuality is a major part of Shakespeare’s plays because he responds to the controversial ways women are represented and the actions that they are involved, like women cross dressing and marriage at a young age. In the two plays, Romeo and Juliet and The Merchant of Venice, the female characters’ representations, Juliet and Portia are written differently. Shakespeare wrote these two female characters’ sexualitiesRead MoreThe Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare1102 Words   |  5 Pagespassed, but even today, women are being treated unfairly in certain situations. However, in The Merchant of Venice, William Shakespeare challenges the concept of women being unequal to men. He conveys this message through the actions of Jessica, Portia, and Nerissa. The female characters empower themselves, accomplishing various tasks in order to gain control over the men in their lives. The Merchant of Venice is a highly effective feminist play, which is demonstrated throug h the assertive and cleverRead MoreThe Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare1153 Words   |  5 Pagesprogressed as time has passed, but even today, women are treated unfairly. However, in The Merchant of Venice, William Shakespeare challenges the concept of women being unequal to men. He conveys this message through the actions of Jessica, Portia, and Nerissa. The female characters empower themselves, accomplishing various tasks in order to gain control over the men in their lives. The Merchant of Venice is a highly effective feminist play, which is demonstrated through the assertive and cleverRead MoreThe Societies Portrayed By Machiavelli And Shakespeare1423 Words   |  6 Pagesor leaders see fit, and they usually always use it to benefit themselves. The individuals that have the most power in a society determine what justice is, in order to benefit themselves; this is depicted by the individuals in The Prince and Merchant of Venice. According to Machiavelli, princes must exert a certain level of justice in order to acquire and maintain control over their principality. In The Prince, it is clear that the princes have the most power in the society and can determine whatRead MoreGender Roles And Roles Of William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice 1837 Words   |  8 Pages Gender plays an important role in Shakespeare’s comedies. Cross gender roles and cross dressing are essential not only for the inherent humour of the situation but also for the advancment of the plot. English Renaissance stereotypes of women and men and their various roles and responsibilities in society are reflected in Shakespeare. What sets Shakespeare apart is the fact that he also challenges, and at times even breaks down those stereotypes especially in his comedies. Hamlet may proclaim â€Å"FrailtyRead MoreThe Merchant Of Venice By Michael Radford1309 Words   |  6 PagesThe Merchant of Venice has never been Hollywood’s favorite Shakespeare play. With deep homoerotic and anti-Semitic undertones, the closest thing we’ve had to a mainstream version of the movie was a parody on The Critic called The Merchant of Venice Beach starring Keanu Reeves. Other than that, the story of the Jew moneylender Shylock and the comic relief relationship between Bassanio and the cross-dressing Portia hasn’t hit the silver screen since the silent-film days. Films are hard to make whenRead More Twelfth Night Essay: The Necessity of Cross-dressing800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Necessity of Cross-dressing Twelfth Night      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The action of Twelfth Night begins shortly after a damaging tempest shipwrecks the heroine, casting her upon foreign shores. Upon arrival in this strange seaport, Viola--like the Princess Leonide--dons male disguise which facilitates both employment and time enough to orient herself in this unfamiliar territory.    Violas transvestism functions as emblematic of the antic nature of Illyrian society. As contemporary feminist and Shakespearean

Contribution of Livestock Production to Climate †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Contribution of Livestock Production to Climate. Answer: Introduction The food processing industry holds third position in the list of manufacturing industries in Canada. In terms of value added and shipment, the most important industry is the industry or processed meat. Processed meat constitutes one third of total exported food. The industry provides larger employment to people engaged in food processing industry. The red meat processing industry in Canada employs more than 46,000 people. In every region of Canada meat processing is an important activity especially in Quebec and Prairie Province. The supply management system in Canada helps to distribute meats across all provinces and at an approximated proportion of total demand in consumer market. The processed meat industry though has taken an important place in the economy but it has adverse impact on other sphere of economics. The intensive livestock business affects the cattle species and results in reduction in number and hence an ecological imbalances. Diets containing high shares of meat lead to several diseases and raises possibility of cancer. Excessive gazing and harmful gas emitted during meat processing detrimental effect on environment (De Smet and Vossen). The paper presents a narrative essay on processed meat industry in Canada and its impact on species, people and the health, environment and national and regional economy. Meat industry is the largest based on animal agriculture. With expansion of non-vegetarian diet, the farming occupies majority of landmass. As a result, species rich in habitats are now destroying. The large-scale agriculture of animals results in extinction or destruction of species and creates dead zones in ocean. Most of the farm animals are first domesticated and then killed for supplying meat. This practice gradually reduces the number of animals and creates threats of species extinction. The ocean dean zones are areas under the ocean with a very low proportion of oxygen. The dead zones are created from the extensive pollution caused by human activity. Pollutants released in water from bathing and excretion waste from farm animals. Increasing proportion of pollutants in water reduces the amount of oxygen in water creating dead Zones. Agribusiness of animals has already occupied 40 percent landmass of earth and 75 percent deforestation globally (Porter et al.). The animal agribus iness hampers the balance of marine life as well. The water pollution resulted from intensive farming is a reason for death of many ocean animals and disturbs the ecological balance. The meat-based diet is a source of high protein. People are shifting their food habit from vegetarian to a non- vegetarian one. Meats are not only intake for full course meal but also are used for different tasty snacks. However, too much dependency on meat diet brings health hazards (Boada, Henrquez-Hernndez and Luzardo). As peoples dietary habit shift towards a meat based diet the possibilities of diseases like high cholesterol, pressure and other diseases increases. These the root of many diseases and even cause life risk. World Health Organization reports that eating meat daily increases the risk of cancer. Frequent intake of hot dogs, corned beef, sausages and beef jerky increases the colorectal cancer probability. The processed meat is also linked with heart diseases. Processed meats refer to meat that are preserved by curing, smoking, drying, salting or canning. To preserve meat harmful chemicals are usedthat have negative impact on health (Clonanet al.). For preserving meat one of the chemicals used is N-nitroso. This element contains substances that can cause cancer. This substance is formed from Sodium nitrite used for persevering pink or red color of meat, to give the processed meat additional flavor and prevent bacteria growth. These risks are not usually present with fresh meat. However, excessive consumption of both is harmful for health. Processed meat is associated with several chronic diseases such as high blood pressure, Bowel and stomach cancer, obstructive pulmonary disease or heart pr oblems. In a report published by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization indicates Livestock is a great threat to environment. The production of Livestock causes climate change by greenhouse gas emission even greater than motor vehicles (Giaouriset al.). The production of meat is one of the main contributors of harmful green house gas. In addition to carbon dioxide emission extensive farming is also responsible for emitting nitrous oxide and methane. The primary source of methane is stored manure and fermentation of ruminants. Carbon dioxide gas is released from energy uses and burning of fossils fuels in firms. Globally it accounts 18% of greenhouse gas emission induced from human activity. It is also responsible for causing degradation of land and water. The farm animals are grazed in fields and intensive grazing leads to removal of upper layer of soil causing soil erosion and land degradation. The environment degradation is not only resulted from emission of gases like methan e and manure but also hamper ecological balance. In order to increase arable lands for feeding crops deforestation is increasing at a rapid pace. The adverse impact on environment is realized in terms of destruction of rain forest, pollution, loss of water, soil erosion and acid rain. Explosion of farm animal offset people A worldwide explosion of farm animals is realized to meet the growing demand for diet based on farm animal. From 1950 to 1994, globally meat production has accounted fourfold increase. The rate is higher than growth of human population during this period (Johnston, Jessica and Bruce ). The overpopulation of farm animals creates pressure on earths resources. Both the farm animals and human depends on nature for their basic need. In Canada, the growth rate of farm animals and that of people are four to one. Studies find on any given day, there are nearly 14.6 million cattle dairy and beef, 96 million chickens, 13 million pigs and 8 million turkeys alive. In contrast to this statistics, the number of people alive is 30 million. The domesticated animals absorb resources to satisfy their basic need through grazing land and feed crops (Bustillo-Lecompteand Mehrab ). Processed meat is the largest food industry in Canada. In 1994, the meats shipment worth of 9.5 billion dollar. In manufacturing industry, it stands third next after motor vehicle and oil industries (Arcand et al.). The emission of greenhouse gas from farming is highly responsible for global climate change (Currie et al.). The increasing proportion of green house gas increases global temperature contributing to global warming. A shift towards plant-based diet is recommended to counter adverse impact of climate change. In order to grow crops to feed animals, considerable amount of water is required. Water is also required for cleaning farm factory and for water to animals to drink. The production of 1-poundbeef requires 2400 gallons water (Narvaez?Bravo et al.). By relying on vegetarian diet, it is possible to save 219,000 gallons water every year. The water gets polluted from waste discharged by animals. When chemicals used in the processed meat mixes with water, then water get contaminated. Farm animals raise more excretion than human. According to Environmental Protection Agency in Canada showed the factory farms in Canada every year entails 500 million tons manures. With no arrangement for sewage to processed plants, the manures are stored in small water land near the factory farms called lagoons or sprayed over the fields (Huang et al). The runoff water from fields mixes with lakes and rivers and causes water pollution. The virus and bacteria carries off to ground water and make it contaminated. Agriculture versus wilderness Using more land for grazing or feeding animals creates environmental problem associated with modern agriculture (Sheppard andBittman). In central Canada much prairies land have been already lost. In the Sothern Prairies of Canada 115,000 cattle are roamed about. Cows, buffalo and Elk are most common animals used in the meat industry. The animal husbandry and processed meat industry uses a major share of prairies land causing damages to the land. The steady supply of meat in the meat processed industry demands a major share of energy that is used in agriculture. Studies reveal that production of meat need 10 to 20 times more energy than that required for grain production (Herforthand Ahmed). The animal products demand more energy for being processed, packed and refrigeratethan vegetarian food. The meat-processed industry has significant contribution in the economy. The sector provides direct employment to many people in the economy. In the processed food industry, the single sector accounts for major employment. However, the economic impact of the industry is not limited to employment only but it extends far beyond (Moubarac et al). The industry has considerable contribution in providing jobs for both urban and rural Canada. The vast meat industry is an important though indirect channel for marketing Canadian farm products. In Canada, there are opportunities for direct sales for food grain, oilseed producers and for livestock farmers. The meat industry provides indirect job opportunities for in the related industries such as those offer equipment, related product and services to the processor of meat. Another related business for processed food industry is the availability of transport. Based on this industry indirect jobs are created in rail, truck and air transportation. However, total meat purchase in Canada varies slightly in different years based on the supply variation, price and demand least change in the trend is observed for the past three decades (Dyer et al). During the last three decades per capita consumption of nutritious and wholesome meat product remain almost unchanged. In 1982, the average consumption of meat in Canada was 75.39 kilogram, which in 2011 is recorded as 75.38 kilograms. In the form of narrative essay the methodology adapted is to phrase relevant journal articles and research papers. The purpose of the paper is to present a narrative essay on effect of processed meat production. Meat production is one of the important industries for the economy. In addition to its economic valuation, the industry has prolonged impact on cattle species, health of people and even causes permanent damage to environment. The effect of meat industry is not limited to a specific country. The global scenario is first evaluated and then it is linked with Canada.Economic journals, research papers and official journals are used for narrating economic and environmental impact of the specific industry. The meat processing industry takes an important place in Canadian economy. In the industry there are large number of small producers of sausages and smoked meats. This makes available many operating posts in the industry. Currently the industry employs 28% of all the people engaged in food processing (Preston). For any economy the status of employment is an important indicator of overall economic condition. By providing huge employment the sector appears as a crucial sector for Canadian economy. Chicken, beef and other red meat industry needs steady supply of these animals. Killing of these animals leads to a decline in the number of available species. The industrial production is not limited to meet domestic demand. A large export market is available for the industrial output. The rapid expansion of the industry creates increasing demand for farm animals. The rate of decline in their number outpaces the birth of newly born animals (Sarkwaet al.). The animals are given high protein food items for better supply of meat. This often creates various diseases among them and affects their reproductive capacity. The natural system of food chain is hampered and so is the ecological balance. In addition to already existing factors behind species extinction and endangered species in Canada the processed meat industry attributes to further declining habitats and endangering animals life. People food habit is now more oriented towards a non vegetarian diet. They prefer to have dishes prepared with meat in their meals as well as for snacks. To meet the demand processed meat is now available in most of the market and groceries. Demand is also coming from restaurant to prepare different dishes using this. However, large intake of meat items has adverse impact on health. High protein is generally source of heart diseases. It also causes high blood pressure and other chronic diseases (Frisk). This type of diet is a possible source not only for chronic diseases but also disease that put life risk like cancer. In the processed meats different harmful chemicals are used that are sources of various health hazards. The effect of meat industry on natural resource and environment is not limited to its impact on species extinction or declining number of farm animals. The activity has severe impact on other environmental aspects. Global climate change is a matter of severe concern for environmentalists. The greenhouse gas emitted from different industrial activity, smoke from motor vehicles and others are responsible for causing global warming (Legesseet al.). However, the animal agriculture accounts for rapid emission of such harmful gases and rapidly deteriorate climate. The grazing of farm animals put pressure on land. The intensive use of land grazing makes it unproductive and hence leaves fewer lands available for agricultural production. The animal business also requires lots of water for drinking of animals, cleaning farms and growing grains for feeding them. Water pollution which is a byproduct of animal farming leads to misbalance of marine life as well. Considering the detrimental effect of meat industry on environment and on health of common people food habit of people has to be changed. The health and environment ministry in Canada recommends for shifting to a diet rich in vegetables and fruits and less of meat (Soladoye et al). This will help to achieve the twin objective of improving health condition and environment protection. The department reported that the present system of food is very much energy intensive. The beef production creates environmental pressure through generating methane gas that affects the climate. When people consume less meat then they intake less energy and therefore reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and some types of cancers. Conclusion The paper is a form of narrative essay tracing the effect of processed meat industry. The industry of processed meat spread worldwide and affects the global environment. In Canada it is the third largest manufacturing industry generating huge employment in the economy. The fast expansion of meat industry leads to species extinction or declining species by reducing the number of farm animals. The intensive farming of animals results in environment degradation by putting excessive pressure on different natural resources. During meat production harmful methane gas is produced. This is one of the greenhouse gases responsible for climate change. Additionally, this leads to air, water and land pollution and affect bio diversity. Not only land animals are affected but also the aquatic animals are affected. Diet including more meat creates trouble for health and considered as the source of various diseases. In order to address this issue people in Canada are advised to include more vegetable s and fruits to save the environment and avoid health troubles. References Arcand, JoAnne, et al. "Examination of food industry progress in reducing the sodium content of packaged foods in Canada: 2010 to 2013."Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism41.6 (2016): 684-690. Boada, Luis D., L. A. Henrquez-Hernndez, and O. P. Luzardo. "The impact of red and processed meat consumption on cancer and other health outcomes: epidemiological evidences."Food and Chemical Toxicology92 (2016): 236-244. Bustillo-Lecompte, Ciro Fernando, and MehrabMehrvar. "Slaughterhouse wastewater characteristics, treatment, and management in the meat processing industry: A review on trends and advances."Journal of environmental management161 (2015): 287-302. Clonan, Angie, et al. "Red and processed meat consumption and purchasing behaviours and attitudes: impacts for human health, animal welfare and environmental sustainability."Public health nutrition18.13 (2015): 2446-2456. Currie, Andrea, et al. "Multi-province listeriosis outbreak linked to contaminated deli meat consumed primarily in institutional settings, Canada, 2008."Foodborne pathogens and disease12.8 (2015): 645-652. De Smet, Stefaan, and ElsVossen. "Meat: the balance between nutrition and health. A review."Meat science120 (2016): 145-156. Dyer, J. A., et al. "Assessment of the carbon and non-carbon footprint interactions of livestock production in Eastern and Western Canada."Agroecology and sustainable food systems38.5 (2014): 541-572. Frisk, Adam. "WHO: Processed Meat Can Increase Risk Of Cancer; Red Meat Risky Too."Global News. N. p., 2015. Web. 17 Nov. 2017. Giaouris, Efstathios, et al. "Attachment and biofilm formation by foodborne bacteria in meat processing environments: causes, implications, role of bacterial interactions and control by alternative novel methods."Meat Science97.3 (2014): 298-309. Harris, Tracey. "The Problem Is Not the People, Its the System: The Canadian Animal-Industrial Complex."Animal Oppression and Capitalism [2 volumes](2017): 56. Herforth, Anna, and Selena Ahmed. "The food environment, its effects on dietary consumption, and potential for measurement within agriculture-nutrition interventions."Food Security7.3 (2015): 505-520. Huang, Hongsheng, et al. "Campylobacter species in animal, food, and environmental sources, and relevant testing programs in Canada."Canadian journal of microbiology61.10 (2015): 701-721. Johnston, Jessica L., Jessica C. Fanzo, and Bruce Cogill. "Understanding sustainable diets: a descriptive analysis of the determinants and processes that influence diets and their impact on health, food security, and environmental sustainability."Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal5.4 (2014): 418-429. Legesse, G., et al. "Greenhouse gas emissions of Canadian beef production in 1981 as compared with 2011."Animal Production Science56.3 (2016): 153-168. Moubarac, Jean-Claude, et al. "Consumption of ultra-processed foods and likely impact on human health. Evidence from Canada."Public Health Nutrition16.12 (2013): 2240-2248. Narvaez?Bravo, C., et al. "Prevalence of methicillin?resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Canadian commercial pork processing plants."Journal of applied microbiology120.3 (2016): 770-780. Porter, John Roy, et al.Chapter 7: Food security and food production systems. Cambridge University Press, 2014. Preston, Thomas Reginald, and Malcolm Beverley Willis.Intensive beef production. Elsevier, 2013. Sarkwa, F. O., et al. "The contribution of livestock production to climate change: a review."Livestock Research for Rural Development28.3 (2016). Sheppard, S. C., and S. Bittman. "Linkage of food consumption and export to ammonia emissions in Canada and the overriding implications for mitigation."Atmospheric Environment103 (2015): 43-52. Soladoye, O. P., et al. "Protein oxidation in processed meat: mechanisms and potential implications on human health."Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety14.2 (2015): 106-122.

The South African Regime From 1910 Through 1994 Essays -

The South African Regime From 1910 Through 1994 The South Africa which was born in 1910 included people from Africa, Europe and Asia, and the system of government was modeled on the common law of the Netherlands, supplemented by modern English law. In many respects, this new country was a compromise. It would acquire two official languages (Afrikaans and English); three capitals (an administrative capital, Pretoria; a legislative capital, Cape Town and a judicial capital, Bloemfontein); and the symbols of the state would reflect the union of Afrikaans and English-speaking whites. While the new state had a democratic form, with a few controversial exceptions, only whites enjoyed the vote. For virtually the whole of its history therefore, politics has been practiced on a whites only basis. Therefore, when looking closely at the system and attempting to place the government in a category, I would create a new category summarized as a selectively democratic regime. White interests obviously shaped public policy. Spending on areas like education, pensions, health and housing, has greatly favored whites, who were clearly the major beneficiaries of the system. In addition, discrimination and injustice inflicted upon black South Africans have largely shaped the present political system. Black South Africans played virtually no part in the founding of the Union of South Africa. This was to be the start of a long and inspiring resistance to minority political rule that culminated some 85 years later in South Africas first truly democratic elections. Political protest began in 1909 when a delegation of blacks unsuccessfully petitioned the British parliament against approving the countrys independence constitution with its color bar. Some two years later in 1912, the largest black political organization, the African National Congress was founded. Blacks pursued moderate goals during the 1920s and 1930s and were then largely reliant on white liberals to achieve their aims. The basis for racial segregation, the offshoot of the policy of self-determination was the Population Registration Act of 1950. What followed was a now infamous collection of apartheid legislation that sought to segregate whites, coloreds, blacks and Asians from each other in all spheres of life and activity. Black resistance to apartheid was encouraged by an increasingly critical United Nations, the birth of the civil rights movement in the United States and the growing pressures for de-colonization and independence in the former European colonies of Africa and Asia. Rather than give in to increasing pressure, the Verwoerd government responded by accelerating the homeland policy in terms of which black South Africans were denied citizenship of white areas and were expected to exercise their political rights in designated traditional tribal areas. By 1970, in terms of a law, every South African black became a citizen of one of the ten homelands thereby excluding blacks from the South African body politics. This maintains the democratic regime of South Africa for the white citizens, and forces the black citizens out of any political realm. Afrikaner Nationalists had devised apartheid in a way of satisfying black aspirations without loosing political control. It was a response that failed for economic reasons. Given the nature of the economy, the natural movement of people to the cities could not be stopped, and in due course the major pillars of apartheid had to be scrapped. In 1983, Botha introduced a new constitution, which would incorporate the colored and Asian communities into government but only on a junior partner basis to whites. Blacks were totally excluded. To address the issue of black political rights, Botha suggested a national advisory council. Blacks rejected this idea and participation in the elections to fill the new colored and Indian chambers of parliament was bitterly opposed. The introduction of the Tri-cameral parliament, with its three chambers for whites, colors, and Asians, greatly politicized the colored and Indian community. Not only was the new system opposed for its exclusion of blacks, it also was condemned for the way it institutionalized racial groups within the constitution of the country. So, although it manages to maintain a certain skeleton of a democratic regime, this government only applies to certain individuals in the nation, therefore not truly following the democratic ideology. Botha himself probably accepted this, but believed that he could maintain white control

Fire Prevention at Waste Handling and Control

Fire Prevention at Waste Handling and Control Solid Waste Management Systems Waste management systems cover processes of collection, temporal storage, internal transportation, treating, and finally the goal of garbage disposal or remains generated from garbage management procedures (Douncet Gilyeat 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fire Prevention at Waste Handling and Control specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other common terms related to waste management systems include; waste handling, waste storage, waste processing and waste treatment. Waste handling comprises all the processes concerned with the transportation from the point of generation. Waste handling systems and equipment generally include chutes, transportation vehicles and carts. Waste storage comprises all the processes of containing generated waste in controlled places, after collection and transport, before handling, recycling, treatment or final disposal. Waste storage systems vary based on the type of waste, constituents, properties, mode of collection and transportation. Bulky wastes can be stored in pits o silos, while bags, drums or containers are used for containing smaller wastes. Waste processing refers to processes that alter physical properties, shape, size or consistency. Common systems and equipment used in waste processing comprise compactors, shredders, escapsulators, extruders, crushers, pulpers, pulverizers, baggers and dewatering equipment. Solid waste management deals with all types of refuse ranging from municipal waste management, recycling programs, composts, and incinerators. The type of waste management systems applied differs based on several factors, including kinds of wastes generated, components, forms, characteristics, amount, and the rate at which they are generated. Waste management systems can range from simple to complex.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Different processes and equipment exist for the management of industrial garbage. The applied devices vary depending on the kinds, amounts, forms, and hazardous components of the garbage. Solid industrial wastes management varies from simple to complex systems. There are systems for storage, handling and storage. Systems and equipment for handling trash include chutes, carts, elevators, conveyors, vehicles for transportation. Solid wastes can be classified into any of the following classes namely; putrescibles ( these are wastes generated from houses, animal wastes or agricultural wastes etc), bulky combustibles-wood, cloth and wastes found on streets; bulky noncombustible wastes like metallic items and minerals; small combustible material (same as bulky combustible, the only difference is the size); non empty cans and bottles; powder and dusts e.g. explosives; sludge; pathological wastes; abandoned automobiles; wastes from construction and demolition; and radiological wastes (Douncet Gilyeat 12). Waste Chutes and Handling Systems A waste chute is generally a system that is fixed for moving garbage from where it is produced or temporarily stored to a central point so that it can be collected, processed, treated or finally disposed. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) regulates construction of waste chutes and their maintenance (Drake 1). NFPA 82, called the Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equipment, stipulates the minimum requirements for waste chutes that all landlords must adhere to, however other codes also must be taken into account. Five categories of chutes can be identified namely; general access, gravity types systems; limited access, gravity types systems; pneumatic system; gravity –pneumatic system; and multi-pneumatic loading system. General access, gravity types systems have a vertical passage enclosed inside that allows garbage to flow by gravitational force.Adver tising We will write a custom essay sample on Fire Prevention at Waste Handling and Control specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Citizens residing in apartments with this kind of chute cannot access this system. Limited access, gravity types systems are more or less the same as general access, gravity types systems, the only difference is that in the latter entry is limited. Access can be through chute entry doors that are locked or maybe closed service opening space doors. These types of chutes are mainly found in health facilities. Pneumatic systems make use of air-circulation to move trash from chute openings to a centralized point for collection. They can be installed horizontally, vertically or diagonally, based on blow and the characteristic of making them. They are mostly found in hospitals. Nonetheless, these chutes can be utilized everywhere-apartments clubs, or restaurants. Gravity-pneumatic system employs gravitational force t o connect a receiving compartment that connects to pneumatic chute system. Multiloading pneumatic system is the same as pneumatic; the difference is that access in the latter uses automatic doors to close. Safety officers should pay great attention in designing and building chute systems. In order to contain fires in buildings, we cannot afford to ignore waste handling systems and chute design. In case of a fire outbreak, waste chutes can easily act as conduits of fueling fires or conveying smokes in residential apartments or work premises. Moreover, chutes are believed to be garbage storage locations as they can be blocked anytime when in use, hence pose a threat of smoke and fire outbreak. NFPA has developed standards which are supposed to be followed with respect to constructing chutes, the systems of enclosures, fire dampers, sprinklers, and service openings. All these standards are geared towards one major goal-reducing the chances of fire outbreaks and control of the same. Fir e prevention Fire prevention can minimize the damage to properties, injury, health, and ecological risks of landfill fires. The cost of prevention is generally low compared to the cost of fighting and cleaning up a fire.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In most cases, especially for bigger landfills, fire prevention efforts and measures are mandatory. Proper landfill management is crucial for effective landfill fire prevention methods. Management procedures comprise of restricting all types of calculated fire, carefully examining and controlling the influx of wastes, compressing wastes buried to thwart hot spots from forming, banning cigarette smoking near or onsite, and finally tightening security measures onsite. Methane gas must be detected and managed at a Landfill site (World Bank). The emission of methane gas is dangerous not only to the environment but also poses a great health risk to the residents living close to the landfill sites. Methane gas, a highly inflammable gas, can be disaster in waiting. According Federal Regulations all MSW landfill workers are mandated by law to carefully monitor the levels of methane gas after every four month per year. In instance where methane gas levels in or near the landfill build up to an explosive state, the landfill worker should take precautionary measures to curb any impeding hazard. They must also put into action a mitigation measures to avert risks of landfill fires (Boulevard 20). Incinerators Incineration is a waste management process which uses high temperatures for garbage treatment and disposal. Incinerators that are well constructed and maintained can go a long way in reducing the quantities of solid wastes generated from different sources by over 85 percent, thus huge sums of money could be saveds of domestic compactor include under -the counter and movable and can be purchased from convenient stores. This type minimizes fire risk of stored waste by trapping it in a metallic chamber under compaction. In spite of this, they should have the capacity for manual opening to enable waste to easily discard due to a mishap of power in the appliance. One the other hand, commercial-industrial compactors are mainly used by many household residences as a primary system for treating wastes, and aid in waste handling. Apart from being used inside houses or put outside, they can be fed to a chute or just hand-fed. Four types of commercial compactors include; bulkhead, extrude, carousel bag packer and container packer. Bulkhead type compacter is mounted on plate. Once the compacted waste is ready, it can be removed and then a bag placed at the same location and stuffed with a compacted block. But for the extruder compactor, waste is inserted via a cylindrical opening. Driving force forces the waste to be compressed as passes through the cylinder. In a Carousel bag packer, waste is compressed step by step in containers that are contains bag linings. The bag rotates enabling each bag to be filled. Lastly, for container packer, waste is compressed in a litter bin. This can be done either manually or by the use of machines. Apart from incinerators, compactors, shredders are also used in managing solid wastes. Codes, Regulations, and Standards In or der to manage, and dispose industrial wastes properly, an in-depth knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of wastes, different types of technologies and processes, state regulations, codes and standards must be studied carefully. Important Federal Regulations providing guidelines for waste management and disposal include: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), Subtitle C, Hazardous wastes Regulations, 40 CFR, parts 260-265 and 122-124; Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976, 10 CFR; clear Air Act of 1963 (CAA) and Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 and 1990; Oil Pollution Act of 1961; Federal Water Pollution Control act of 1948; occupational safety and Health Act of 1970 including National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Federal Pesticide Control Act of 1972 (FIFRA Act) (.(Adapted from the handbook on Waste handling and control by Lawrence and Sharon). The general standards for waste materials and how to manage waste include; NFPA 241 Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations; NFPA 251 Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Resistance of Building Construction and Materials NFPA 252 Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies; NFPA 253 Standard Method of Test for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source; NFPA 255 Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials; NFPA 256 Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Roof Coverings; NFPA 257 Standard on Fire Test for Window and Glass Block Assemblies; NFPA 258 Recommended Practice for Determining Smoke Generation of Solid Materials; NFPA 259 Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials; NFPA 260 Standard Methods of Tests and Classification System for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture; NFPA 261 Standard Method of Test for Determining Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Material Assemblies to Ignition by Smolde ring Cigarettes; NFPA 262 Standard Method of Test for Flame Travel and Smoke of Wires and Cables for Use in Air-Handling Spaces; NFPA 265 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Coverings on Full Height Panels and Walls; NFPA 266 Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristics of Upholstered Furniture Exposed to Flaming Ignition Source; NFPA 267 Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristics of Mattresses and Bedding Assemblies Exposed to Flaming Ignition Source; NFPA 268 Standard Test Method for Determining Ignitibility of Exterior Wall Assemblies Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source; NFPA 269 Standard Test Method for Developing Toxic Potency Data for Use in Fire Hazard Modeling; NFPA 270 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Smoke Obscuration Using a Conical Radiant Source in a Single Closed Chamber; NFPA 271 Standard Method of Test for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calo rimeter; NFPA 272 Standard Method of Test for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Upholstered Furniture Components or Composites and Mattresses Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter; NFPA 274 Standard Test Method to Evaluate Fire Performance Characteristics of Pipe Insulation; NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems; NFPA 430, Code for the storage of liquid and solid oxidizer; NFPA 484, Standard for Combustible Metals; NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids; NFPA 13 , Standard for the installation of Sprinkler systems; NFPA 30, flammable and combustible liquid code; NFPA 31, standard or the installation of burning equipments; NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas code; NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code; NFPA 68, and Standard on Explosion Protection by deflagration Venting (Adapted from NFPA). Today, solid waste management is a lucrative business accounting for bill ions of dollars or pounds in most developed countries. Waste collection companies collect tons of refuse per annum and sort it for reprocessing or final disposal. Many cities across the world demand residents to pay for garbage collection, while those in the countryside have dumpsites and recycling facilities for people to take their rubbish. The main aim is to cut down the amount of garbage blocking the lanes and degrading the environment, overlooking the possibility of waste recycling into important products or just discarded. Solid waste management systems are centered on designing ecologically friendly methods of disposing wastes. There are various categories of solid waste which are handled by waste management agencies. First and foremost we have recyclable garbage. These are items that are valuable. Solid waste management consists constructing to use scrap metals and other materials like glass, cans, paper, plastics, and wood. Second is toxic waste; this kind of garbage poses great risk to the environment; hence it should be disposed carefully. In most first world nations there are stringent guidelines on the management of such wastes. Some land lords can turn green waste into compost manure and use on their farms. This can improve soil fertility and hence boost food production. Green waste is productive than industrial wastes. Solid waste is collected in containers of varying sizes -household garbage bins, industrial dumpsites which are filled by persons or companies. Municipal Lorries transport the collected solid waste from streets on a regular basis. In some countries, Local governments have contracted private waste management companies to recycle, collect and treat the garbage generated from cities and industrial facilities. Most solid waste management facilities operate, maintain bigger dumpsite, while others burn their waste, using the energy produced by the incinerator to power a recycling plant or sell the electricity to companies that generate power. Waste management must take into consideration to avert possible fire outbreaks. Fire hazards can start during waste transportation, where it is generated, handling of waste, where it is temporarily stored, treatment and finally disposal. Therefore, fire safety measures must be taken into account in the design, building, and use of waste handling and treatment systems and equipment, like chutes, incinerators, compactors and shredders, as well as a stricter adherence to all Federal codes, standards and regulations. Wastes generated from industrial areas differ greatly from the domestic type; hence measures must be taken in the design of such incinerators for proper, safe, and efficient treatment and disposal in conformity with the set standards and complex regulations. Wastes generated from residences can be turned to useful products. Installing incinerators that are effective and efficient can convert wastes into energy to power cities across the world. Sustainable waste manag ement is the responsibility of each and every stakeholder. Boulevard, Wilson. Landfill Fires: Their magnitude, characteristics, and mitigation.  Virginia: United States Fire Administration National Fire Data Center, 2002. Print Douncet, Lawrence George, and Gilyeat Sharon. Fire protection handbook Vol 1. 20th Ed. Massachusetts: National Fire Protection Association, 2005.Print. Drake, Byrne. Trash Chute Requirements. n.d. Web. NFPA. List of NFPA codes standards. 2011. Web. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards World Bank. Urban Solid Waste Management. 2011.Web. http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTURBANDEVELOPMENT/EXTUSWM/0,menuPK:463847~pagePK:149018~piPK:149093~theSitePK:463841,00.html

Critically evaulate the care and management of a Scaphoid fracture Essay

Critically evaulate the care and management of a Scaphoid fracture from the perspective of a Emergency Nurse Practitioner - Essay Example I chose to focus on scaphoid fractures since they are part of the injuries that I am likely to come across as an emergency nurse practitioner (Rutter, 2008). This paper touches on the clinical assessment and differential diagnosis of scaphoid fractures. I will discuss different assessments that a nurse can perform and the diagnosis process that is supposed to be followed when dealing with a fractured scaphoid. I will also look at the psychological as well as the cultural factors that might affect the patient suffering from a fractured scaphoid. I will also include the treatment options available for scaphoid fractures. There are several issues related to the management of fractured scaphoids. And I will delve deep into some of these issues in my discussion. Clinical assessment and differential diagnosis Scaphoid fractures are quite difficult to diagnose correctly since X-Ray interpretations are normally vague (Gunal, Barton and Calli, 2010). This draws to attention the need of clinic al assessment in the diagnosis process. The diagnostic process of a fractured scaphoid needs to be thorough enough to be able to make accurate diagnosis. Signs and Symptoms It is quite challenging to diagnose fractured scaphoids due to the lack of apparent signs that are common with bone fractures. The most common symptom or sign of a fractured scaphoid is tenderness and pain, which is usually accompanied by swelling on the wrist (Elhassan and Shin, 2006). However these signs are not very specific and one might make unnecessary outpatient reviews. In the health facility where I worked, MRI technology was used to a certain the presence of a fractured scaphoid on a patient (Garcia and Holtz, 2001). However, the patient had to undergo plain-film radiographs to ascertain that indeed there was a fracture on the wrist. The first step of the clinical assessment of the suspected fractured scaphoid was to take the patients history (Bickley, 2005). Taking the history of the patient was import ant as it showed the injury mechanism. For a fractured scaphoid, the injury mechanism normally involved: Falling onto the outstretched hand Forced dorsiflexion, with a radially deviated wrist Sometime there could be palmar flexion After checking the common signs of a fractures wrist such as swelling, lack of a strong grip and pain, the next step involved the use of radiographs (Elhassan and Shin, 2006). The lateral radiograph was used to indicate whether or not there was any sign of inconsistency in the alignment of the carpal and distal joints (Edwards and Stillman, 2006). If the patient had positive radiograph results but negative initial clinical findings were treated using cast immobilization for two weeks. After two weeks, the examination was repeated to examine whether there had been any form of healing or bony resorption at the site of the fracture. Emergency nursing practitioners carried out the initial clinical evaluation which in most cases showed the following (Muscari. 2 001): Pain on the wrist Fullness and swelling off the snuffbox, which was a clear indication of effusion Tender palpation in the anatomical snuffbox and scaphoid tubercle Reduction in the range of motion Pronation and ulnar deviation that caused pain Reduced strength of grip When the radiographs failed to indicate the fracture, even when it was apparent there was one, the other option used was MRI. In many health facilities which deal with emergency care for minor